绿翅鸭繁殖生态初报

Preliminary Observation on Reproductive Ecology of Common Teal (Anas crecca)

2007～2009年在黑龙江中南部地区对绿翅鸭(Anas crecca)繁殖生态习性进行了观察。绿翅鸭在黑龙江属夏候鸟,每年3月末4月初迁来,10月上旬迁离,所观察的4对绿翅鸭居留期约6个月。迁来时成群停留在湖泊及江的冰面上,开江以后散去,繁殖期间,绿翅鸭的配偶关系为一雄一雌,巢址多选择离水域较近的草丛或灌木丛中,所观察的4巢,巢都比较简单,筑巢时间为(5.5±1.0)d(n=4)。巢筑成后的(3.25±0.50)d开始产卵。每窝70～12枚不等,平均(9.80±2.21)枚(n=4)。卵重平均(28.70±0.72)g(n=39),最后一枚卵产出后(2.50±0.577)d(n=4),开始孵卵,孵卵期约为22～26 d不等,平均孵卵期为(24.25±1.17)d(n=4),平均孵化率为79.5%±29.98%。幼鸟为早成鸟,育雏期为(29.75±1.70)d。

Observation on reproductive ecology of Common Teal（Anas crecca）was conducted in breeding season in South-central Heilongjiang Province from 2007 to 2009 and totally 4 nets were located.Common Teal arrived the study area from late March to early April and leaving at early October.The residence period of the four pairs observed was about six months.Paired Common Teal build their nest in early May and completed it in 5.5 ± 1.0 days（n = 4）.The nests were built in the grassland and bushes near the water areas with relatively simple structure.Females laid their first egg in 3.25 ± 0.50 days after nests were completed.The clutch size was 9.80 ± 2.21 eggs in average（range 7 to 12,n = 4）.The mean of egg weighted 28.70 ± 0.72 g,n = 39.Females initiated incubation immediately after they laid the last egg.Incubation period lasted 22-26 days,averaged 24.25 ± 1.17 days（n = 4）.The hatching success rate was 79.5% ± 29.98% in average.Chicks were precocious and it took 29.75 ± 1.70 days for the nestlings to grow up.