碳壁垒合法性的国际法考量

The Legitimacy of Carbon Barriers in International Law

碳壁垒是各国打着保护全球环境,遏制温室气体排放的旗号,对贸易进行限制的单边贸易措施,其合法性因碳壁垒的具体设计的不同而有所不同。从国际法的角度考量,一方面,有关环境公约和WTO规则对碳壁垒均有合法性的容忍空间;另一方面,通过对碳关税的细致考察,发现碳关税的设计既有违环境公约在气候变化领域确立的各国承担"共同但有区别的责任"原则;同时,碳关税也很难通过WTO一般例外条款的审核。

carbon barrier is a unilateral trade restrictive measure in the name of protecting the global environment and curbing greenhouse gas emissions, and its legitimacy varies because of the specific design of the carbon barriers. Considering from the perspective of international law, on the one hand, the relevant environmental conventions and WTO rules have tolerance space on legitimacy of carbon barrier; on the other hand, by careful study on carbon tariffs, the design of carbon tariffs violate ＂common but differentiated responsibilities＂ principle in environmental conventions on climate change area, and at the same time, carbon tariffs are difficult to go through the auditing of the WTO general exceptions.