大棚覆盖与地热线的增温效果及其对茶树生理生长的影响

The temperature-increase effect of shed film-covered and ground electricity-heated on the growth of tea tree

研究塑料大棚内加设小棚、并辅以电地热线增温等设施对茶园的光合环境、茶树生理生长、茶叶内含成分及其经济效益的影响。3年的田间试验结果表明,增温设施处理明显地提高了茶园日平均气温、地温,增加了活动积温和有效积温;增温设施在气温比较低时明显增加茶树净光合速率(Pn),平均值晴天棚外比棚内高36.8%～42.1%,气温比较高时Pn增温设施处理和对照差异不明显;增温设施使赤霉素(GA3)和玉米素(ZT)等促进茶芽萌发型内源激素含量的增加,脱落酸(ABA)等抑制生长型内源激素含量下降,人工电加温措施中地热线加温对内源激素含量影响最为明显;1芽1叶茶芽采摘期对照提前9～16d,1芽2叶茶芽采摘期对照提前8～18d;塑料覆盖氨基酸含量下降,增加了叶绿素含量,对茶多酚和类胡萝卜素影响不明显;大棚和增温设施显著增加名优茶产量;经济效益以大棚覆盖最好。

A research of plastic shed plus small shed with ground electricity-heated was conducted to see their impacts on photosynthesis environment,tree growth,tea leaves composition and economic benefits.The results of three years＇ field experiments show that temperature-increase facility has enhanced the average temperature,ground temperature,active accumulated temperature,effective accumulated temperature within the tea garden,and in lower temperature,the facility can increase the Pn of tea tree obviously in fine day,which＇s average value out of the shed can be 36.8%～42.1% higher than those within the shed.However,at higher temperature,the Pn with facility is no significance comparing with CK.The facility can promote the increase of bud-boosting endogenesis hormone like GA3 and ZT and reduce the growth-restraining endogenesis hormone like ABA.The ground electricity-heated can increase endogenesis hormone content obviously：the picking time of one-bud＋one-leaf can be 9-16 days earlier than CK;the picking time of one-bud＋two-leaves can be 8-18 days earlier than CK.Plastic film cover can reduce amino acid content,increase chlorophyll content and has no obvious impact on tea polyphenols and carotenoid content.Shed and temperatureincrease facility can boost the fine-quality tea yield,in which the shed has the best economic benefit.