呼和浩特城区气候与大气环境适宜性相关指标变化分析评价

Analysis and Assessment of Comfortableness Index Change of Climate and Atmospheric Environment in Hohhot Urban Area

基于呼和浩特市1961—2006年主要气象要素和2001—2006年主要污染物平均浓度资料,利用数理统计方法和气象环境评价指标,分析由于气候变化对呼和浩特市气象环境所产生的影响。结果表明:①呼和浩特城区近50年气候变暖明显,热岛效应显著,呈现降水量减少趋势及暖干化的气候特征明显。②呼和浩特城区的主要气象灾害呈减少趋势,尤其是沙尘暴、大雾等灾害性天气的逐年减少,降低了大气颗粒物(PM10)的浓度。③呼和浩特市的首要污染物PM10主要发生在集中采暖和风沙较大的冬半年,且冬季辐射逆温、热岛效应有增强趋势,对污染物扩散不利。④呼和浩特城区冬半年寒冷程度不太明显,夏半年舒适度指数虽有上升趋势,但低于偏热不舒适标准,比较适合避暑休闲。

Based on the meteorological data and the average concentration data of main pollutants from 1961 to 2006 at Hohhat,the impacts of climate warming on atmospheric environment and comfortableness at Hohhat are analyzed by using the statistical method and meteorological environment assessment indexes. The results indicate that：（1） In the urban area of Hohhot in the recent 50 years,climate warming was obvious;the heat island effect was remarkable;precipitation showed a reduction tendency;the climatic characteristic of warm-drought was obvious.（2） The main meteorological disasters showed a reduction tendency,especially sandstorm and heavy fog,resulting in the reduced concentration of atmospheric particles（PM10）.（3） The main pollutant PM10 peaked in winter during the heating period and the time in windy and sandy weather.At the same time,temperature inversion and heat island effect have an enhanced trend,which is disadvantageous for pollutants diffusion.The comfortableness index in summer increased, which is still in the range of comfortable feeling and suitable for living and spending holidays for people.