黑龙江省闪电活动及与降水、气温相关特征分析

Characteristics of Lightning Activities and Correlation with Precipitation and Temperature in Heilongjiang Province

利用2006—2008年国家雷电监测网数据库中黑龙江省闪电监测资料,结合自动站资料,采用统计分析方法对黑龙江省闪电的时空分布特征、强度分布及闪电频数与月平均降水量、月平均气温的关系进行了分析。结果表明:近年来黑龙江省闪电活动年变化呈增加趋势;夏季地闪活动频繁,冬季很少有地闪发生,地闪日变化大部分呈双峰态势;闪电密度的地区差异十分明显,山区及邻近地区明显大于平原地区,密度高值区位于大兴安岭地区,其中以塔河最高;地闪密度随季节呈明显的纬度变化,春季到夏季有明显的北进过程,而夏季到秋季则呈明显的南退过程;正闪与总闪具有相同的强度谱分布,谱型较负闪略宽;正闪密度强值中心有两个,位于大兴安岭地区,季节移动规律与总闪相似;黑龙江省雷电频数与月平均降水量呈较好的线性相关,与月平均气温呈较好的指数相关。

Making use of the observation lightning data from the lightning location system of Heilongjiang Province from 2006 to 2008,in combination with the data from automatic stations,applying the method of statistical analysis,an analysis is made of the spatial-temporal intensity distributions of lightning activities, and the relationship between lightning and monthly mean precipitation and temperature.The results show that：in recent years,lightning activities in Heilongjiang Province increased year by year;lightning activities in summer were more frequent,but seldom in winter;the daily variation of lightning activities showed a double-peak pattern mostly;there was evident regional difference in lightning density：larger in mountains and the neighboring areas,less in plain areas;the high-density areas are within Daxing＇ an Mountains,with the highest density at Tahe;lightning density showed obvious latitudinal characteristic with season changing：moving northward from spring to summer,and southward from summer to autumn; positive lightning and total lightning intensities had the same spectral distribution,which was wider than that of negative lightning;there were two positive high density centers,both within the Daxing＇an Mountains,and their seasonal moving regularity was similar to total lightning;the total number of lightning activities was linearly correlated with monthly mean precipitation,and exponentially correlated with monthly mean temperature.