深空探测天线快速扫描方法

A fast scanning method for deep-space exploration antennas

针对深空探测中地面站的窄波束天线对深空探测器的捕获问题,提出了在粗轨道预报情况下集馈源阵列电波束扫描和反射面机械扫描于一体的多波束-螺旋快速扫描方法。该方法将馈源阵列布置在反射面的焦平面进行馈电,利用物理光学法对每个馈源激励反射面产生的次级远场方向图进行计算、分析,应用共轭场匹配技术在一定空域同时形成多个正交电扫波束,结合天线反射面的螺旋机械扫描对指定空域进行搜索。最后,对提出的多波束-螺旋扫描捕获方法与传统螺旋扫描方法的性能进行比较分析,结果表明:利用阵列馈电的多波束反射面天线具有更广的可视范围,在更短时间内完成对指定空域的搜索,实现对深空探测器的捕获的同时获得了阵列增益,使更远的深空探测成为可能。

A hybrid multi-beam spiral scanning method for deep-space exploration antennas is proposed,which can be used to estimate the true spacecraft position. Physical optics is used to compute and analyze the far-field pattern of the antenna for excitation of each of the individual array elements. The utilization of a focal-plane array in place of a standard single-mode feed improves the field of view of large high-frequency antenna. Multiple closely overlapping beams are synthesis with conjugate field matching technique. Results show that,combined with spiral scanning method,the multiple beams reflector antenna can reduce the scanning time by one third,and the array gain in multi-beam reflector antenna can improve the distance of deep-space exploration.