学习评价的类型及其特征分析

The Types of Learning Evaluation and Feature Analysis

从评价与学习活动的相互作用方式,可以把学习评价分为对学习的评价、为学习的评价和学习内评价.对学习的评价就是对学习的成效做出价值判断的一项活动,评价的是一段学习过程的"平均效果",发挥的是评价的选拔与甄别的功能;为学习的评价是指为了支持与改进学生的学习而进行的评价,是指向"未来"学习的评价,强调的是评价的激励与发展的功能;学习内评价是指学习本身所固有的、内在于学习活动之中的、满足学习自身需要的认识性实践活动,是在学习过程中产生的,是学习的一项基本性质,凸显的是评价的认知与生成的功能.

According to the interaction modes between the evaluation and the learning activities,learning evaluation can be divided into the upon-learning evaluation,the learning-oriented evaluation and the inner-learning evaluation.Learning evaluation is actually an activity to make a value judgment about the learning effect.What＇s evaluated here is the average effectiveness in a given period of learning activity.The functions in use here are the screening effect and the discriminating effect.The learning-oriented evaluation refers to evaluations aiming to support and improve the students＇ learning activities,which is concerned with the future learning acts with its emphasis placed on the functions of motivation and development.The inner-learning evaluation refers to those cognitive practical activities intrinsic of the learning,learning acts which serve to satisfy self needs.It arises from the learning process and is a basic property of learning and manifests the cognitive and generating function of evaluation.