农牧交错区土地利用变化对水资源的影响研究

Impact of land use changes on water resources in farming-livestock ecotone

基于遥感影像,借助于G IS技术以及数理统计方法,对研究区1988年~2007年土地利用及水资源变化状况进行了分析。结果表明：①在1988年土地利用以耕地、林地和草地为主,2007年以林地和耕地为主;土地利用变化以草地、未利用土地面积的减少和旱地、林地面积的增加为主要特征;②由于土地利用类型的变化,耗水量增加了2 235.8万m3,增幅达19.3%;增量最大的是林地,其次是旱地,耗水量增幅最大的是沼泽地,其次为建设用地;③研究区地表水面积和储量处于减少状态;地下水位自1990年起下降了1.90 m。为保护水资源,应控制森林和耕地面积,实施退耕还草,并开展节水农业,规范水资源开发利用。

Based on remote sensing images,with the help of GIS technology and mathematical statistic method,the paper analyzed the land utilization and water resources changes in the studying region from 1988 to 2007.The results showed that cultivated land,forest land and grassland were the main land use types in 1988,but in 2007 forest land and cultivated land were the main land use types.The main character of land use changes were the deduction of grassland,unused land and the increase of forest land and dryland.Due to the change of land use types,water-consumption increased by 2263.4×104m3,equivalent by 19.3% compared with 1988.The forest land＇s increment was the largest,secondly was dry land.The largest growing rate of water consumption was the swamp land,secondly was the construction land.The surface water areas and water storage was reduced.Since 1990 the underground water table has been dropped 1.90 m.In order to protect water resources,the areas of forest land and cultivated land should be controlled,and the policy of returning cultivated land to grassland,furthermore development of water saving agriculture and regulation of water resources development and utilization should be carried out.