采用FMEA的ERP项目实施风险分析方法

FMEA-Based Approach to Risk Analysis of ERP Implementation

针对ERP项目实施风险分析中缺乏有效量化方法的问题,借助于工程项目中常用的FMEA方法,提出ERP项目实施风险的定量分析方法。根据ERP实施的特点,提出并定义了与传统FMEA的关键概念相对应的术语:风险模式、风险因素、影响度、频度和不可预知度;借助专家知识和经验以及模糊数学,确定E、O、P值;此外,针对传统FMEA方法只简单根据RPN值大小来进行风险排序的局限性,提出基于灰色关联度理论的风险排序。ERP项目的风险分析案例说明了所提方法的适用性和有效性。

Risks of ERP implementation are only qualitatively analyzed by existing methods.Based on the failure mode and effects analysis（FMEA）,a quantitative approach is presented for risk analysis of ERP implementation.With the characteristics of ERP implementation,it introduces and defines the terms corresponding to key FMEA concepts： risk pattern,risk factors,effect（E）,occurrence（O）,and puzzle（P）.Based on the definitions,the values of E,O,and P for each risk factor are obtained by using expert knowledge and fuzzy mathematics.Traditionally,FMEA adopts risk ranking based on risk priority number（RPN）,which is difficult to differentiate two risk factors with the same RPN but different E,O,and P.Thus,this approach includes risk ranking based on grey relation theory to overcome the shortcoming.A case ERP project is presented to show the application and effectiveness of the proposed approach.