关于建立流域生态补偿机制框架的探讨——以大伙房水库上游流域为例

Discussion on the Establishment of a Framework to Basin Eco-compensation Mechanism——A Case of Upper reaches of Dahuofang Reservoir

随着经济的快速发展和人口的迅速膨胀,流域自然资源与生态环境面临着前所未有的压力。为了更好地协调流域各方的生态、经济利益关系,促进地区间和群体间的和谐、可持续发展,建立稳固的生态补偿激励机制就显得十分必要。以大伙房水库上游流域地区为研究对象,以公共产品理论、外部性理论、生态资本理论和可持续发展理论为理论基础,结合研究区的实际情况,确定研究区生态补偿的主客体和补偿的方式与途径;再分别站在供给方和需求方的角度,通过计算水库上游地区生态系统服务功能价值、生态保护建设总成本和水库下游地区人民的支付意愿价格来确定生态补偿的标准;最后综合考虑受益程度、支付意愿、流域面积等因素确定补偿金的分担率和分配率,并建立了生态补偿机制的配套措施。

With the rapid economic development and expansion of population,basin natural resources and ecological environment are facing unprecedented pressure.In order to coordinate the ecological and economic interest relationship of all parties in the basin better and promote harmonious and sustainable development between regions and groups,it is necessary to establish a solid ecological compensation incentive mechanism.This study chooses the upper reaches of Dahuofang reservoir as the research object.Determine the subject,object,ways and approaches of compensation on the basis of the public goods theory,externality theory,ecological capital theory and sustainable development theory,combined with the actual situation of the study area.And then determines the compensation standards by calculating the value of ecosystem services,total cost of ecological construction and protection and willing price to pay for people in lower reaches separately from the supply side and demand side.Finally determine the contribution rate and the distribution rate by considering the benefit degree,willingness to pay and water area et al.as well as establish the supporting measures of ecological compensation mechanism.