医疗支出与宏观经济:中国和美国的比较

A Comparison of the Health System in China and the U.S.

中国和美国的医疗改革都备受关注。本文对1980—2007年间中国和美国医疗支出的实证研究表明,大数额和快增长的医疗开支已经成为美国国民经济增长的负担,而中国医疗支出占GDP的比重依然过小,医疗保障水平不高;美国医疗支出构成中保险市场比重偏大是其医疗开支过快增长的重要原因,而中国方面,政府投入比较小、个人负担比例大导致了现阶段较重的居民医疗负担。在政府主导和市场主导的制度选择中,我国应当加强对医疗卫生的投入力度,同时也需要借鉴国外医疗改革中的加强政府投入的经验并吸取过度市场化的教训。

People take great interest in the health system reforms in both China and the United States.Although there have been extensive researches concerning the the health care system of China and the U.S.respectively,a comparative study between the two systems is still lacking.This paper proceeds from health care spending in both countries from 1980 to 2007 and explores the characteristics and deficiencies of the two countries＇ health care system.It also makes some suggestions concerning medical reforms in China.