隧道工程的技术进步和理念创新与建筑方法分类及术语的规范化

Tunneling Technology Progress and Conception Innovation,Classification of Construction Methods and Standardization of Engineering Terms

文章指出隧道工程技术方法分类存在的问题:一是技术法则基本概念的混乱和缺乏,二是施工技术分类不统一、不完善、不科学。列举其现象,分析其原因,认为有必要厘清、改进、补充和创新。分析隧道工程技术法则的历史沿革及要义,重点将非盾方式构筑隧道与地下工程的发展历史分为矿山法技术时期、新奥法技术时期、再度创新的技术时期,阐明各时期技术方法的基本概念、理论基础、方法要点及主要特征。在此基础上提出创立隧道暗挖"无盾技术"新概念;将其技术法则归结为"全面环保的准则,须要预行的措施,因地制宜的方法,信息化的管理手段,及早实现支护闭合,完善的承载结构"6个方面。最后按照技术方法分类统一属性的原则,给出了《隧道工程常见建造方法一览表》,与诸同行商榷。

The present classification of tunnel construction technologies has such disadvantages as confusion and lack of conception and incomplete and unscientific classification of construction technologies.The author analyses the evolution and great importance of tunnel construction technology rules and divides the evolution of tunneling technology into 3 periods,i.e.,mining method period,New Austria Tunneling Method period and recreation period.The author expounds on the conception,theory,key points and major characteristics of these 3 periods.Then,the author proposes the ＂non-shield method＂.The technology rules of the ＂non-shield method＂ are as follows： all-round environmental protection,planned countermeasures,feasible methods,information-aided management,early-closure of lining ring and perfect load bearing structure.Finally,the author provides his proposal on classification of commonly-used tunnel construction methods.