5个重庆地方猪种遗传多样性的微卫星分析

Genetic Diversity of Five Native Pig Breeds of Chongqing Based on Microsatellite DNA Markers

为了分析5个重庆地方猪种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系,采用FAO-ISAG联合推荐的27个微卫星标记,以有效等位基因数、期望杂合度和多态信息含量等遗传参数为指标,评估了品种内遗传变异。计算了F统计量、Nei氏遗传距离(DA)和Nei氏标准遗传距离(DS)并进行UPGMA和NJ聚类分析及主成分分析,进而探讨了品种间的遗传分化和亲缘关系。结果,27个微卫星座位共检测到542个等位基因,其中43个等位基因为单一品种所特有。5个猪种的遗传多样性丰富:有效等位基因数(Ne)在9.4933～11.0280之间,期望杂合度(He)在0.8897～0.9091之间,多态信息含量(PIC)在0.8689～0.8926之间。F统计量分析表明,重庆地方猪种遗传分化明显(P<0.001),各群体内存在一定程度的近交。2种聚类方法以NJ法更为可靠。5个猪种聚为两类,荣昌猪、渠溪猪和合川猪为一类,罗盘山猪和盆周山地猪为一类。相关性分析表明,遗传距离与地理距离间无显著的相关(P>0.05)。该研究结果为重庆地方猪种的保护和利用提供了重要的理论依据。

The study was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetics of five Chongqing indigenous pig breeds in Chongqing.Using 27 microsatellite markers recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics（ISAG）and Food and Agriculture Organization（FAO）,by effective number of alleles,expected heterozygosity,polymorphism information content and other indexs,the genetic variability within pig breeds were estimated.By F-statistic,Nei＇s genetic distance,Nei＇s standard genetic distance,dendrogram analysis with the methods of UPGMA（unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging） and NJ（neighbor jioning）and principal component analysis,the genetic differentiation and genetic relationship among five Chongqing indigenous pig breeds were estimated.542 alleles were observed at 27 loci,and 43 alleles of them belonged to certain pig breed.Abundant genetic diversity lied in five Chongqing indigenous pig breeds：effective number of alleles of pig breeds varied from 9.493 3 to 11.028 0,expected heterozygosity from 0.889 7 to 0.909 1,polymorphism information content from 0.868 9 to 0.892 6.F-statistic analysis implied that the genetic differentiation of Chongqing indigenous pig breeds was significant（P0.001）and different degree inbreeding existed in every pig breed.Dendrogram analysis showed that the NJ methods was more reliable than UPGMA,and five Chongqing indigenous pig breeds pigs were clustered into two groups.Rongchang,Quxi and Hechuan pigs were clustered into one group,Luopanshan and Penzhoushandi pigs were clustered into the other one.Correlation analysis showed that there were no significant correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances（P0.05）.The results could provide basic molecular data for the conservation and utilization of Chongqing indigenous pig breeds.