影响我国杂草分布危害的性状统计分析

Statistical analysis on traits influencing weed distribution and their damages in China

杂草对我国的经济和生态环境造成了严重的危害.为了解影响我国杂草分布和危害的生物学因素,以中国境内1387种杂草为对象,计测了杂草分布危害等级和28个与生态适应相关的性状,这些性状涉及种子(果实)产量和大小、传播方式、营养繁殖能力、生活史长短、繁育系统、生活型、花部对称情况、传粉方式、植株是否有毒有刺、适应的生境类型等;统计了28个性状与杂草分布危害之间的相关性.结果表明:就1387种杂草作为一个整体来讲,生活史短、花两性、种子产量高、种子(果实)有特殊传播方式、阳生、植株有毒的植物以及以直立、挺水、莲座状、寄生性的杂草种类分布广、危害大;而植株有刺、花两侧对称、种子(果实)大等性状的杂草的危害相对轻些;但是,在不同的科中,性状与杂草分布危害的关系有较大差异;同时部分性状之间对杂草分布危害有明显的互作效应,例如种子产量与营养繁殖能力、种子产量和种子大小.

Weeds have posed serious damages on economy and ecological environments in China.In order to understand the traits influencing weed distribution and their damages,we recorded the damage grades and 28 biological traits 1387 species in relation to ecological their adaptation,which included seed（or fruit） production,size and spreading mechanisms,vegetative reproduction methods,life span,breeding systems,life forms,flower morphology,pollination types,defensive forms in relation to thorn and toxicity,and their habitats.According to the above data,we analyzed the correlation between these traits and their damages by bivariate correlate procedure in SPSS 16.0.If we took 1387 weeds as a whole,the worst weeds are characterized by the following traits including short life span,bisexual flowers,high production of seeds（or fruits） with small size,mucous seeds（or fruits）,adaptation to sunny and dry habitats,toxicities,as well as erect,emerging aquatic,rosette-forming,and parasitic life forms.However,the traits influencing their damages vary much among different families.Moreover,obvious interactive effects on weed distribution and their damages exist between vegetative reproductive ability and seed number,and between seed number and size.