秦俑一号铜车马残件X射线衍射分析——青铜器和银器锈蚀机理比较

X┐ray diffraction analysis on rem nant com ponentsof Bronze chariot and horses No.1 from Qinshihuang′s tom b anda com pared study of corrosion m echanism of bronze and silverw are

配合近几年对秦俑一号铜车马的修复工作，对铜车马构件材质、金银器及其锈蚀产物、彩绘、涂层作了系统的 Ｘ 射线衍射分析。通过揭示的青铜器从里到外自发锈蚀的实验规律和反应热力学研究，推出了青铜器主要锈蚀途径（ Ｃｕ２ Ｏ 途径）的反应过程方程式，并通过和银器的锈蚀比较， 提出了青铜器文物保护的侧重点在于防潮。对马身白色涂层羟基磷灰石的来源提出了新的看法。

The X R D experim ent results show that the spontaneous corrosion products of the bronze, frominside to outside, are Cu2 O, Sn O2, Cu2 C O3( O H)2 and Cu3( C O3)2( O H)2, w hereas those of silverw are are Ag2 S and Ag Cl. The chem ical reacted process equations of bronze objects have been deduced firstly. Thebronze, that covered by Cu2o early, can not corrupted by Cl- , S2- . The em pnasis of protection this kind ofbronze belics shonld be placed on dam p proof.