锦州铁合金厂区周边蔬菜地土壤和蔬菜中重金属污染状况评价

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Vegetables around Jinzhou Ferroalloy Factory

对锦州铁合金厂70多年的生产给周边农田土壤和农作物带来的重金属污染进行了详细研究,选取厂区周边农田土壤样本60个,蔬菜基地中有代表性的3大类蔬菜(根茎类、瓜果类、叶菜类)样品各40个。经消解处理后用等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定土壤和蔬菜样本中Pb、Ni、Cu、Cr、Zn、Cd、As、Hg金属元素含量,采用内梅罗综合指数法对重金属污染状况进行评价,综合指数为2.48和1.82。土壤已经中度污染,蔬菜轻度污染。土壤中Cr、Ni和Zn的污染比较重,Pb、Cu、As、Cd和Hg也有不同程度污染,并对蔬菜造成影响,所产蔬菜污染程度为地下根茎类蔬菜>叶类蔬菜>茄果类蔬菜。土壤污染较重的元素对蔬菜的污染也相对比较重。

The pollution status of heavy metal in soil and vegetables was studied around Jinzhou Ferroalloy Factory existing for more than 70 years.Sixty soil samples and 120 vegetable samples including 40 root vegetables,40 fruiting vegetables and 40 leaf vegetables were collected.After the samples were dissolved,an ICP-AES was used to determine the contents of Pb,Ni,Cu,Cr,Zn,Cd,As and Hg.Then the heavy metal pollution was evaluated by the Nemerow pollution index,and the comprehensive indexes were 2.48 and 1.82 in soil and vegetables respectively.The soil was moderately polluted and the vegetable was lightly polluted.The pollution of Cr,Ni and Zn in soil was serious and the contents of Pb,Cu,As,Cd and Hg were also over the standard.The levels of heavy metal pollution were higher in fruiting vegetables,leaf vegetables and root vegetables in turn.When a heavy metal seriously polluted soil,its pollution to vegetable was serious too.