贮藏时间和温度对甘蓝型油菜种子活力及脂肪酸含量的影响

Effects of storage period and temperature on seed fatty acid and vigor of Brassica napus L.

研究了甘蓝型油菜种子在低温和常温干燥条件下,密闭贮藏过程中种子脂肪酸组成分含量、含油量及发芽能力的变化。结果表明:随着贮藏年限增加,甘蓝型油菜种子油酸、二十碳烯酸、芥酸的含量逐渐增加,亚麻酸、亚油酸含量则逐渐下降,棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量变化不明显;在冷藏1～5年里脂肪酸成分含量变化较快,之后变化缓慢;低芥酸材料在贮藏过程中芥酸含量增加速率高于高芥酸材料。随着贮藏时间延长,种子含油量逐渐下降,含油量高的材料下降更快;种子发芽率和发芽势均下降,后者下降幅度大;在同样冷藏条件下,套帐自交的种子比开放授粉种子的发芽率和发芽势下降均快且幅度大,而常温贮藏的开放授粉种子发芽能力下降速度明显比冷藏的快,6年后发芽率几近于零。

Fatty acid,oil content and seed vigor were investigated under cold,airtight condition.The object was to understand the seed changes after 10 years of storage.The results showed that,contents of oleic acid,eicosenoic acid and erucic acid increased except those of linolenic acid and linoleic acid.This trend of changes was obvious during the first 5 years and slowed down after that.The declining speed of erucic acid was higher in low-erucic accessions than that in high-erucic ones.The seed oil content also gradually decreased with higher speed in high-oil accessions.The germination abilities decreased too.Among them,the germination potentiality and germination rate of the self-pollinated seeds decreased more than those of open-pollinated ones.The germination abilities of seeds stored in room temperature decreased faster and reduced to almost zero 6 years later.