山东省海岸带不同岸段的填海造地适宜性分析及需要注意的问题

A DISCUSSION ON LAND RECLAMATION ALONG THE COAST OF SHANDONG AND ITS PROBLEMS

根据海岸带底质情况和填海造地的适宜性,山东省海岸带从北向南可分为6个不同的海岸段:①黄河三角洲海岸段,属于粉砂淤泥质海岸,为自然输沙填海造地;②莱州湾岸段,也属于粉砂淤泥质海岸,沿岸海域水深很浅,有利于较大面积填海造地;③龙口湾岸段,主要为砂质海岸,沿岸海域水深较浅或中等,适当的填海造地是适宜的;④龙口至威海岸段,以砂质、砂砾质海岸为主,并兼有部分岩石质海岸,沿岸海域水深中等至较深,只能适合较小规模的填海造地;⑤威海至胶南泊里岸段,发育众多海湾与岬角,主要为岩石质海岸,但在海湾中也经常发育砂质、砂砾质海岸,该岸段水深大,海洋动力强,总体来看不适合填海造地,仅在海湾内适合小规模的填海造地;⑥胶南泊里至岚山头岸段,以砂质海岸为主兼少量岩石质海岸,只适合小规模的填海造地。填海造地应注意以下几个问题:①海洋环境保护;②选址及规划布局的优化;③经济效益和填海先后次序与分期进行。

According to the types of the coast and their suitability to land reclamation, the coastal zone of Shandong Province can be divided into six segments from the north to the south. The segment of Yellow River Delta is a silty mud coast with a great amount of sediment input from the Yellow River for land progradation. It is the best area for land reclamation; the segment of Laizhou Bay is also a silty mud coast with shallow water offshore suitable for large scale land reclamation; the segment of Longkou Bay is mainly a sandy coast with shallow or medium depth of water offshore and suitable for land reclamation on a proper scale; the segment from Longkou to Weihai is mainly a sandy and grave- ly, and partly rocky coast, with medium to deeper water offshore. It is suitable for smaller scale land reclamation; the segment from Weihai to Poli of Jiaonan, characterized by bays and headlands, is dominated by a rocky coast with silty and gravely ones only in the bays. Water off the coast is rather deep and strong in dynamics. In general, it is not the choice for land reclamation, except for small scale land-making in the bays; the segment from poli, Jiaonan to Lanshantou, characterized by a sand- y coast with a small part of rocky coast, is only suitable for small scale land reclamation. Attention should be paid to the following issues when land reclamation is undertaking： first the reclamation should bring no damage to ocean environment; second, the optimization of site selection and layout planning is highly required; third, it should be economically beneficial. The project should be managed in right order and reasonable stages.