香气氤氲中的苦闷与哀愁——试论《乐府补题·天香》的艺术及其文化意蕴

The Depression and Sadness From a Dense Mist of Fragrance——On the Value of Art and Culture Image of TianXiang in YueFuBuTi

《乐府补题》为宋末元初词社唱和的一部咏物词集,自清初复出以来产生了巨大的影响。其中第一组词作《天香·龙涎香》的艺术结构主线为采香、制香、焚香、忆香、惜香。采香之地及其传说的奇谲描写,予人联想那个时代的沧桑巨变。制香、焚香的铺写,既表现了制作过程的繁复、香料的昂贵以及焚香细焙的精心细致,同时又暗寓着对以往富贵闲雅生活的怀念。忆香、惜香则由"体物"转为"寄情",于哀怨的往事追忆中寄托无限的忧伤。词人们通过这一系列"香事"活动的叙写,不但展示了中国古代的香文化传统,提高了咏物词的艺术表现力,同时更抒发了易代之际一种难以明言的苦闷与哀愁。

YueFuBuTi,a song of nature,created in late Song dynasty and the early period of Yuan dynasty,has brought about great influence since it appeared again in early Qing dynasty.The first item named TianXiang.LongXianXiang includes collecting spice,refining spice,baking spice,recalling spice and valuing spice.The splendid description of the legend and the origin of spice make people associate with a great change of the time when the poets lived in.And the poems of collecting and baking spice not only demonstrates getting fragrance is complicated and elaborate so that spice is expensive,but also hints the poets＇ sadness of missing the rich,leisure and elegant life of the past.Recalling and valuing fragrance is introducing the process of getting fragrance,but in fact,through which,the writers are expressing their sensibilities with deep motions of fragrance.And by calling up memories of the gloomy past,much sorrow of the poets finds expression.Describing the process of getting fragrance displays the Chinese traditional culture of spice and improves the art performance of writing poems on nature,and what＇s more,it shows a hint of depression and sadness beyond expression caused by the change of regime.