权力的善恶之辩——西方权力德性思想之镜像演进

Debate on the Good or Evil of the Power——the Mirror Image of the Evolution of the Thinking of Morality of Western Power

权力的善恶问题很早便为思想家们所关注。但长期以来,学界对这一问题的探讨仅侧重在儒家政德"善"的演绎上,而在以"法治主义"为文化基因的西方,人们往往错误地认为,权力仅有"恶",并"以恶制恶"。事实上,西方思想家有关权力善恶问题形成四个流派,即以权力理想主义为代表的权力之"善"说,权力契约主义为代表的"必要恶"说,无政府主义为代表的"绝对恶"说和行为主义"纯科学"为代表的"价值中立"说。他们从各自的立场与需要出发,系统阐释了权力的善恶问题,从而构建了一道独具风格的权力德性思想的镜像。

Good or evil of the power has long been the chief concern of the thinkers.For a long time,scholars probing into this question are often absorbed in the Confucian＇s deduction of Political Morality ＂good＂.While in the West,taking the ＂Rule of Law＂ as the cultural genes,people often mistakenly believed that the power is only ＂evil＂ and we should ＂return evil for evil.＂ In fact,western thinkers＇ exploration into the problem of whether the powers is good or evil can be categorized into four schools,namely： the ＂good＂ represented by the power of idealism;the ＂necessary evil＂ represented by power contractarianism;the ＂absolute evil＂ represented by anarchism;and the ＂Value Neutrality＂ represented by ＂pure science＂ of behaviorism.They illustrates the power of good and evil on light of their own positions and needs,and thus constructed a unique style of mirror of moral thinking of the power.