北极环境变化对全球安全和中国国家安全的影响

Impact of the Arctic Environmental Change on Global Security and China’s National Security

随着北极正以比人们预想的速度变暖,北极冰盖在加速融化,北极航道在不远的未来将要开通,北极环境正在酝酿重大变化。这种变化对全球安全将产生重大影响。北极将成为全球新的关键战略竞技场之一,环北极国家对北极主权和资源的竞争和争夺加剧,全球生态安全面临重大挑战。北极环境变化对中国国家安全产生的影响是复杂的:北极冰盖融化将使中国恶劣天气增多,导致更多自然灾害,影响中国的生态安全和粮食安全;但北极航道的开通将使中国的国际航运和外贸从中受益。中国也面临从北极资源开发中获益的机遇。北极环境变化事关全人类未来的生存和发展,也关系到中国的国家安全。因此,中国作为一个近北极国家,必须重视北极环境变化及其对全人类共同利益和中国国家安全的影响,并采取适当的对策。"和谐北极"的概念应当成为人类解决北极问题的根本思路。有关北极的国际制度的建构将对解决北极环境变化问题发挥一定的作用。中国可以积极创造条件让北极为全人类共同利益服务。

As the Arctic warming grows faster than people expected, the ice sheet has been melting, the sea lanes will be opened in the near future, and the Arctic environmental change is under way. From the perspective of global security, the Arctic will become one of the new strategic competing arenas in the world, countries involved competing for the sovereignty and natural resources in the region and global ecological security facing serious challenges. For China, the ice sheet melting can cause adverse weather and natural disasters in China, having negative impacts on ecological security and food security; however, China can also benefit from open sea lanes and exploitation of the natural resources in the Arctic. As a country near the North Pole, China should take appropriate countermeasures to deal with the Arctic environmental change, and a harmonious Artic will serve for the common interests of the human beings.