幼儿基于信息判断的选择性信任——与亲社会行为及决策判断的关系

Children's Selective Trust Based on Judgments of Information:Its Relationship with Prosocial Behavior and Decision Making

选择性信任指人们在面对不同信息传达者时,能依据信息的正误区分出他们的可信赖度,从而有选择地相信某些传达者。本研究探讨幼儿选择性信任与亲社会行为及决策判断的关系。研究一以75名3～4岁幼儿为研究对象,采用选择性信任任务与分配糖果任务相结合的模式,探讨亲社会行为与选择性信任的关系,发现3～4岁幼儿在选择性信任形成后,亲社会倾向更多地指向可信赖者。研究二关注选择性信任与幼儿的决策判断的关系,在对72名3～4岁幼儿的研究中发现,在众多颜色糖果的选择中,相对于对照组的均等偏好,实验组的3～4岁幼儿决策判断明显受到可信赖者的影响,即更倾向于选择可信赖者推荐的颜色糖果。

Selective trust refers to that people could distinguish reliable/unreliable informants on the basis of the accuracy of their objects naming. The current two studies examined the relation between selective trust and children＇ s prosoeial behavior and decision-making. In the first study, 75 young children aged 3 to 4 took part in both selec- tive trust and prosocial tasks. Results illustrated that children were likely to share candies with the reliable informant. The second study investigated the relation between selective trust and children＇ s decision making. Since there were candies with 5 different colors, 72 3-to 4-year-olds children in the study were likely to choose candies introduced by the reliable informant.