摘要
以710份玉米地方品种为材料,采用随机区组设计,研究了其在脂肪、蛋白质与淀粉等品质性状以及株高、穗长等农艺性状上的表型多样性,分析了这些研究材料的表型多样性在地理来源上的分布。结果表明:(1)平均油分含量4.92%,达到高油3、2和1等级的材料各11、2和3份,地区间差异不显著;(2)平均蛋白质含量12.55%,96%的材料达到食用玉米1等级蛋白质含量,地区间差异显著;(3)平均淀粉含量70.88%,所有材料均未达高淀粉玉米品种审定标准;(4)株高、穗位高和雄穗分枝数等3个植株性状的变异程度大,地区间差异显著,华南、西南和西北的植株高大,雄穗发达,而华北和东北的植株矮小,雄穗分枝数较少;(5)在3个果穗性状中,变异程度大小依次是穗长、穗行数和穗粗,地区间差异显著,筛选到长穗、粗穗和多穗行材料各5、1和3份;(6)不同地区和不同性状的多样性指数均有显著差异,以华南、华东和西南玉米材料的多样性水平较高。所有研究材料的表型多样性分析结果显示这些材料的脂肪与蛋白质含量较高,淀粉含量较低;华南、华东和西南种质的多样性水平明显高于其他地区的种质。
710 maize landraces selected from the collection of China National Genebank were planted according to the randomized block design to reveal the phenotypic diversity of quality and agronomy traits.The results showed :(1)Average oil content was 4.92%,meanwhile 11,2 and 3 landraces were identified to reach the high oil level of class 3,2 and 1 respectively.There was no significant difference among districts for oil content.(2)Average protein content was 12.55%,and 96% of landraces reached the protein content of class 1 of edible maize.There existed significant difference among districts for protein content.(3)Average starch content was 70.88%.No landraces reached the certificated standard of high starch maize variety.(4)Plant height,ear height and tassel branch appeared to be widely variant and significantly different among districts.The landraces from the south,southwest and northwest of China possessed stronger and higher plants and well developed tassels whereas the those from northern and northeastern China possessed relatively shorter and slimmer plants and fewer-branched tassels.(5)Among 3 ear traits,the highest variation belonged to ear length followed by ear row number and ear diameter.Significant difference were existed among districts for these 3 traits.9 landraces were identified according these 3 ear traits,of which,5 presented the longest ear,1 the widest diameter and 3 the largest row number.(6)There existed significant difference among districts and traits for diversity indices.Landraces from the south,east and southwest of China possessed relatively higher diversity level.Results from the phenotypic diversity analysis suggested that the evaluated landraces appeared higher oil and protein content but lower starch content.Meanwhile,landraces from southern,eastern,and southwestern China showed relatively higher diversity level than those from the other regions of the country.
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期31-36,共6页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
重庆市重大科技专项(CSTC2007AA1022)