不同类型春小麦品种磷素吸收差异及其对水分胁迫的响应

Variation in Phosphorus Absorption and Their Response to Water Stress of Different Types of Spring Wheat

为了探讨不同春小麦品种在不同水分条件下磷素利用效率(包括地上干物质磷素利用效率和籽粒磷素利用效率)和磷素收获指数的差异及对水分胁迫的响应,并发掘磷高效品种资源,以8个在甘肃、青海水、旱地种植的地方品种和现代品种为材料,以2个土壤含水量(70%FC和40%FC,FC指田间最大持水量)为处理进行了盆栽试验。结果表明,各品种地上干物质磷素利用效率、籽粒磷素利用效率以及磷素收获指数在不同水分条件下表现出较大的差异,其中现代品种"青春533"无论在正常水分还是在缺水条件下都能保持较高的籽粒磷素利用效率,而"青春533"和"高原602"则在两种水分条件下均表现出较高的磷素收获指数;旱地地方品种"结巴"在70%FC(正常水分)下具有较高的地上干物质磷素利用效率,旱地地方品种"和尚头"在40%FC(缺水)下表现较高的地上干物质磷素利用效率和籽粒磷素利用效率。虽然不同品种磷素利用效率、磷素收获指数对水分胁迫的响应不尽相同,但多数品种在水分胁迫下磷素利用效率和磷素收获指数增加,尤其是旱地现代品种"定西24"、旱地地方品种"和尚头"以及水地现代品种"阿勃"的籽粒磷素利用效率和磷素收获指数在干旱条件下增加较大。

In order to investigate the difference on phosphorus use efficiency（PUE,which includes above ground dry material phosphorus use efficiency（AGDMPUE） and grain phosphorus use efficiency（GPUE）） and phosphorus harvest index（PHI） between different types of spring wheat varieties under the conditions of different water levels,and the response of PUE and PHI to water stress,and to select phosphorus efficient（absorption and utilization） germplasm,a pot experiment was carried out with eight modern spring wheat varieties or landraces for irrigated or rain-fed field of northwest China（Gansu and Qinghai） at two water levels（70% FC and 40% FC） in present study.The result showed that AGDMPUE,GPUE and PHI of the eight varieties were quite different under the two water levels.Modern variety Qingchun 533 maintained higher GPUE,and Qingchun 533 and Plateau 602 showed higher PHI under both water levels;landrace Jieba for rain-fed field had higher AGDMPUE under 70% FC,landrace Heshangtou for rain-fed field showed higher AGDMPUE and GPUE under 40% FC.Although the response of PUE and PHI of different varieties to water stress was not the same,PUE and PHI of most varieties increased under water stress（compared with normal water condition）,especially the GPUE and PHI increased greatly for rain-fed field modern variety Dingxi 24 and landrace Heshangtou,and irrigated field modern variety Abbondanza.