旱地施用锌肥对冬小麦旗叶光合及衰老特性的影响

Influence of Zinc Fertilizer on the Photosynthetic and Senescent Characteristic of Flag Leaf of Winter Wheat on Dry Land

为了明确施用锌肥对旱地冬小麦光合和衰老特性的影响,选用强筋冬小麦"京9428"和普通冬小麦"轮选987"为试材,进行了四个水平(0kg·hm-2对照、11.25kg·hm-2低锌、22.5kg·hm-2中锌、33.75kg·hm-2高锌)的大田试验。结果表明,旱地上低锌处理,旗叶的净光合速率和SOD、CAT、POD三个酶活性都有所增加,MDA含量降低,干物质积累增加,"轮选987"穗粒数和千粒重最多,产量最高。中锌处理下,旗叶POD活性有所下降,"京9428"产量增加不显著,"轮选987"产量与低锌处理相当。高锌处理下,旗叶的净光合速率和SOD、POD活性都有所降低,穗数、穗粒数、千粒重均减少,使得产量显著降低。施锌肥对"轮选987"比对"京9428"影响大,因此,"京9428"不适宜在旱地上种植。旱地上种植"轮选987"要施以适量锌肥以提高产量,锌肥施用量以11.25kg·hm-2为宜。

In order to clarify the effects of zinc fertilizer on photosynthetic and senescence characteristics of wheat flag leaves on dry land,a field experiment with four zinc fertilizer levels was conducted with strong gluten wheat cultivar Jing9428 and common wheat cultivar Lunxuan987 as materials.The results showed that lower zinc fertilizer（11.25 kg·hm-2） could enhance net photosynthetic rate,activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxide dismutase（POD） and catalase（CAT） of flag leaves,while decreased the content of malondialdehyde（MDA）,and increased the dry matter accumulation of population on dry land.Lunxuan987 had the highest grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight and achieved the highest yield at lower zinc level.The moderate zinc treatment（22.5 kg·hm-2） decreased POD activity of flag leaves,insignificantly increased yield of Jing 9428,while the yield of Lunxuan987 was equivalent to that at lower zinc.Under higher zinc treatment（33.75 kg·hm-2）,net photosynthetic rate,activities of SOD and POD of flag leaves decreased,and the number of spikes,grains per spike and 1000-grain weight of wheat lessened,so the yield reduced clearly.Lunxuan987 was influenced more by zinc fertilizer than Jing9428 on dry land.So to improve the yield of Lunxuan987 on dry land,11.25 kg·hm-2 zinc fertilizer were recommended.