湖北省小麦种质资源的分布及农艺性状和抗病性评价

Distribution and Evaluation on Agronomic Traits and Disease Resistance of Wheat Germplasm from Hubei

为了解湖北省小麦种质资源特性并发掘可供育种利用的优良基因资源,对保存的874份湖北省小麦种质资源从地理分布、农艺性状、品质及抗病性方面进行了统计分析和综合评价。结果表明:(1)湖北省小麦种质主要分布在平原和丘陵地区,江汉平原麦区分布数量最多,而鄂西北山地麦区小麦资源最为富集,除东经112°74′至114°15′之间、北纬31°18′至32°09′之间和北纬29°37′以南地区分布较少外,其他地区分布较为均匀;(2)供试小麦种质以具有长芒、白壳、红粒、弱冬性和中熟等性状为主,4个产量性状(株高、穗长、千粒重和穗粒数)和4个品质性状(硬度、沉淀值、粗蛋白和赖氨酸含量)的变异幅度大,多样性指数高;(3)抗病性以对根腐病、黄矮病和条锈病抗性最强,而对赤霉、叶锈、秆锈及白粉病的抗性较差;(4)各性状多样性指数从大到小依次为:千粒重>粗蛋白含量=赖氨酸含量>株高>穗粒数>沉淀值>穗长>硬度>条锈病抗性=黄矮病抗性>根腐叶病抗性>成熟期>赤霉病抗性>根腐穗病抗性>冬春性>芒>壳色>白粉病抗性>粒色>叶锈病抗性>秆锈病抗性。

In order to know the characters of wheat germplasm from Hubei,and offer groundwork for finding out the best germplasm in breeding.In this study,the geographical distribution,agronomic traits,quality and disease resistance of 874 wheat germplasm from crop germplasm bank of Hubei were evaluated.The results indicated that the wheat germplasm were main concentrated in the plains and hilly areas,which distributed evenly except in that longitude from 112 ° 74 ＇to 114 ° 15＇,latitude from 31 ° 18 ＇to 32 ° 09＇,and south of the north latitude 29 ° 37 ＇.The largest amount accessions were distributed in Jianghan Plain,and the most enriched species were in mountain area of northwest Hubei.Most local resources had long awns,white shell,red grain,weak winter,and mid-maturing properties.The characters with great variation and diversity index were observed in four yield traits（plant height,thousand kernels weight,spike length and grain numbers per spike） and four quality properties（hardness,sedimentation volume,gross protein content and lysine content）.The resistance was the strongest to root rot,barley yellow dwarf virus and stripe rust,but resistance was the least to fusarium head blight,leaf rust,stem rust and powdery mildew.The diversity index was decreased as the following characters： thousand kernels weight,gross protein content,lysine content,plant height,grain numbers per spike,sedimentation volume,spike length,hardness,stripe rust,barley yellow dwarf virus,leaf root rot,maturity,fusarium head blight,spike root rot,winter-spring characteristic,awn,chaff color,powdery mildew,grain color,leaf rust,stem rust.The results were important reference to wheat genetics and breeding,and germplasm innovation and utilization.