社区老年人高血压流行病学调查

Epidemiological Survey of Hypertension in Aged Patients of the Community

目的了解社区60岁以上老年人高血压患病情况,为开展社区高血压一、二级预防提供理论依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,在上海市杨浦区五角场镇社区42个居委会抽取60岁以上长住户籍居民(居住5年以上)19 758人为调查对象,采用问卷调查、体格检查收集资料。结果老年人高血压粗患病率为37.88%,其中老年男性患病率为37.04%,老年女性患病率为38.57%,男女患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。老年人高血压患者糖尿病、高脂血症、脑卒中、冠心病的患病率明显高于非高血压者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同分级的老年高血压患者服药情况的构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。老年人中超重与肥胖者占29.44%,较非肥胖者患高血压的相对危险增加1.33倍(OR=1.33,P<0.01)。结论老年高血压的患病率处于较高水平,女性患病率高于男性。老年高血压患者中相关慢性病患病率高于非高血压者。加强健康教育,倡导健康的生活方式,控制体质指数(BM I),提高服药率是控制和预防高血压的重要措施。

Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension in aged patients over 60 in the community and to provide a theory for carrying out primary and secondary prevention of hypertension in the community. Methods 19758 permanent residents over 60 in 42 neighborhood committees in Wu Jiaochang town were selected by using cluster random sampling and data were collected by questionnaire investigation and physical examination. Results Hypertension prevalent rate in aged patients was 37. 88% , among which male had a prevalence rate of 37.04% and female 38.57%, and the difference was significant （P 〈 0. 05）. The prevalence rate of diabetes, hyperlipoproteinemia, cerebral apoplexy, coronary heart disease in hypertension group is significantly higher than that in non - hypertension group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Hypertensive elders of different stage had statistical difference in medication status （P 〈0. 05）. In the aged, the proportion of overweight and obesity people is 29. 44%. Compared with nonobese people, the obese ones were 1.33 times more likely to suffer from hypertension. Conclusion The incidence of hypertension is higher in the aged people, and females are more likely to suffer from hypertension. The prevalence of relevant chronic diseases was significantly higher in hypertension patients than those are not. Medication status of aged patients with hypertension still needs to be improved. Promoting healthy lifestyle may help to prevent and control hypertension.