社区运动的“社区性”--对现行社区运动理论的回应与补充

The Community Characteristics of Community Social Movements:A response to the current theories of community social movements

在国家强控制、组织发育不良的背景下,资源动员理论和政治过程理论等对社区运动解释式微,社区性成为影响社区运动产生与维系的核心变量。空间、人口、组织三个社区性要素循环互动,促成或抑制了社区运动,同时形塑了程度不一的社区共同体(社区认同感)。内在的社区居民共同体与外在的社会(控制)结构两个社区性维度的互动解释了社区运动的发生与走向。本文认为,只有通过对社区性要素和维度的合理安排与调整,改变政府与居民零和博弈的关系,才能营造出合作、共赢的社区治理局面。

The paper first analyzes the applicability of the theories of community social movements.Political opportunity structure,resource,and organization are explanation variables,but the community characteristics are the key variables that should be paid more attention to,especially in the first step of the community movement when resources and organizations are not enough.Community characteristics include space,population and organizations,which are correlative to one another.The three factors promote or restrain the community social movements,and lead to the structuration of the community characteristics.The interior community and the exterior social control structure are the dimensionalities of community characteristics,which directly explain the trend of community movements.Based on the analysis,the author argues that only if the government arranges the factors of community characteristics reasonably and changes the zero-sum game relation of government and community,can the win-win cooperation of community governance be achieved.