保护淡水水生生物硝基苯水质基准研究

Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Nitrobenzene in Freshwater

以硝基苯为研究对象,在分析美国和中国2种类型水生态系统和生物区系特征的基础上,分别筛选两国水生生物物种的毒性数据,运用物种敏感度分布曲线法、毒性百分数排序法和评价因子法分别推导了2个国家保护淡水水生生物水质基准;同时,结合国内外主要水体ρ(硝基苯)分布特征,对地表水体中硝基苯生态风险进行了初步评价.结果表明:由于生物区系不同,同样方法得到的美国水质基准值明显高于中国水质基准值,其中物种敏感度分布曲线法得出的基准值最为合理.用物种敏感度分布曲线法得到中国硝基苯急性基准值为0.572 mg/L,慢性基准值为0.114 mg/L;美国硝基苯急性基准值为7.271 mg/L,慢性基准值为2.031 mg/L.风险表征结果显示,中国主要地表水体中硝基苯不存在潜在的生态风险.

Nitrobenzene was studied through investigations and analysis of two types of aquatic ecosystems and aquatic biota in China and the United States.The species toxicity data in the two countries were selected,and the aquatic life criteria were derived using three methods： species sensitivity distribution curve method,toxicity percentile rank method and the assessment factor method.At the same time,the ecological risk of nitrobenzene to surface water in China was preliminarily assessed by combining the toxicity results with the distribution characteristics of nitrobenzene concentrations in Chinese surface water.The results show that the criteria derived by the same method in the different countries were different due to the differences of aquatic biota.The criteria of the United States were higher than those of China.The species sensitivity distribution method was most reasonable among the three methods.The acute and chronic criteria of China derived using this method were 0.572 and 0.114 mg/L,respectively.The acute and chronic criteria of the United States derived from this method were 7.271 and 2.031 mg/L,respectively.The risk assessment showed that nitrobenzene might have no potential adverse effects on Chinese surface waters.