羟基磷灰石微球的制备、应用和功能化

Preparation,Application and Functionalization of Hydroxyapatite Microspheres

羟基磷灰石(HA)是人体和动物骨骼的主要无机矿物成分。近年来,因HA具有特殊的表面特性和理化性能,良好的生物相容性、生物活性和骨传导作用,制备各种形态的HA材料成为从事生物、医学和材料的科研人员的研究重点。本文首先介绍了HA微球的制备方法,重点讨论了以聚合物为软模板以及用各种球形材料作为硬模板合成HA微球的制备方法,列出了不同方法制备HA微球的直径、孔径、比表面等各种性能参数。由于HA微球具有比表面积大、流动性好、质量轻、强度大,注射性能好,团聚能力低等HA块材不具有的特点,其在载体、骨修复材料、环境保护和色谱分离上有广泛的应用。针对HA微球在应用过程中遇到的问题,可采用表面改性或包覆、掺杂和将HA分散在其他基体中等措施对HA微球进行功能化修饰。HA微球在控释载体、蛋白质分离以及细胞支架等方面具有极大的应用前景。

Hydroxyapatite（HA） is a main mineral in vertebrate bone.During the latest years,HA has attracted attention from researchers in the areas of biology,medicine and materials,due to its special surface characteristics,physical and chemical properties,and excellent biocompatibility,bioactivity and osteoconductivity.In this review,the different methods used to prepare HA microspheres,including spray,template,microemulsion,emulsion technique and other methods are described in detail.The advantage and disadvantage of these methods are summarized.The pore sizes and surface areas of microspheres prepared in different ways are also listed.Subsequently,since HA microspheres possess high mobility,specific surface area and strength,low aggregation ability,injectability and light mass,they have been applied as carriers,scaffolds in tissue engineering,environmental protection,fillers and chromatography.Finally,three strategies are proposed to functionalize HA microspheres,which are surface treatment /modification,doping and dispersing HA in other matrix,respectively.HA microspheres have significantly potential to be applied as carriers,protein separation and cell scaffold in the future.