蓝藻水华衍生的微囊藻毒素污染及其对水生生物的生态毒理学研究

Advances in Pollution of Cyanobacterial Blooms-Producing Microcystins and their Ecotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Organisms

富营养化导致的蓝藻水华频发,引发各种衍生物污染,严重时造成重大生态灾害事件,甚至危及人类健康。其中微囊藻毒素以其毒性大、分布广和结构稳定的特点,成为水环境中常见的潜在危害物质,它主要由微囊藻产生,是一类具有多种异构体的环状七肽物质。本文根据微囊藻毒素污染现状及其水生生态毒理学研究的最新研究进展,介绍了微囊藻毒素的理化性质及其产生、迁移和转化,在我国天然水体、水库源水和饮用水中的污染现状以及部分水产品中的微囊藻毒素累积情况,较全面地评述了微囊藻毒素的分子致毒机理以及对水生生态系统的重要组成成分——常见水生植物和鱼类的生态毒理学效应,并提出了该领域未来研究的主要方向。

The frequent occurs of cyanobacterial blooms induced by eutrophication can bring about water pollution caused by various derivate pollutants,lead to great ecological disasters in severe cases and consequently threaten human health.Microcystins（MC） have become common potential hazardous pollutant in aquatic environments for their great toxicity,widespread distribution and structural stability.These toxin,producing mainly by Microcystis,are family of monocyclic heptapeptides with many different isomerides.On the basis of the recent development of pollution status of microcystins and their ecotoxicological studies on aquatic organisms,we introduce the physicochemical properties and the fate of microcystins,their pollution in natural waters,reservoir water and potable water in China and their accumulation in some aquatic products,summarize the molecular toxicity mechanisms and their ecotoxicological effects on common aquatic plants and fishes which are the important components of aquatic ecosystem.Finally,the main research trend in this area are discussed.