从技术理性到政治理性:政策分析的方法论转向

From Technical Rationality to Political Rationality:Methodological Shift of Policy Analysis

政策分析关注的是现实具体的政策问题,因而政策分析方法的适用与否对能否有效地解决政策问题至关重要。近半个多世纪以来,围绕着实证主义与后实证主义之争,西方政策分析经历了从技术理性到政治理性的方法论转向。这一方法论转向并不意味着政治理性已然完全否定甚至替代了技术理性。事实上,作为政策分析的两种方法论维度,技术理性关注的是公共政策的技术属性,政治理性关注的是公共政策的政治属性,它们共同构成了政策分析的必要非充分条件,它们的辩证综合也体现了公共政策科学性与民主性的统一。

Since policy analysis pays attention to real and concrete policy issues,the analysis method plays a significant role in resolving policy issues effectively.Since the recent half century,with the debate between positivism and post-positivism,there has been a shift from technical rationality to political rationality in western policy analysis methodology,which does not mean political rationality has completely denied or replaced technology rationality.In fact,as two dimensions of policy analysis methodology,technology rationality focuses on the technical attributes of public policy while political rationality focuses on its political nature.Both of them make up the necessary but not sufficient condition in policy analysis and the dialectical synthesis of them also reflect the unity of science and democracy of public policy.