季风常绿阔叶林不同恢复阶段藤本植物的物种多样性比较

Changes of liana species diversity in different restoration stages of monsoonal broad-leaved evergreen forest

藤本植物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,影响群落的恢复与演替。通过对云南普洱地区不同恢复阶段(恢复15a、恢复30a和原始林群落)季风常绿阔叶林群落的野外调查,分析了不同恢复阶段藤本植物的物种丰富度、密度、多度、径级分布、多样性指数及攀援方式,并探讨藤本植物与支持木的关系。结果表明:在0.81hm2的调查样地中,共发现DBH≥0.1cm的藤本植物1292株(分属34科51属64种)。原始林群落的藤本物种丰富度、密度(DBH<1cm)、胸高断面积和平均胸高断面积都显著高于恢复阶段,原始林和恢复15a群落的密度(DBH≥1cm)、平均胸径和平均长度之间无显著差异,但都显著高于恢复30a。3种群落类型中藤本植物的物种组成和径级分布有显著差异,原始林中藤本植物物种更多,而且大径级(DBH≥10cm)的藤本植物仅出现在原始林及恢复30a的群落。单株藤本攀援的支持木在3种群落类型中均占多数,藤本植物与支持木的胸径存在显著的正相关(P<0.001),原始林群落中DBH≥15cm的支持木更易被攀援,而恢复阶段则相反。茎缠绕藤本植物对原始林的负面影响要显著少于恢复15a及30a群落,而卷须类藤本植物也反映出原始林正处于一个动态变化的阶段,同时根攀缘和搭靠类藤本植物物种组成和多度变化可以反映出干扰后季风常绿阔叶林的恢复程度。森林砍伐是影响不同恢复阶段藤本植物的物种组成和分布的主要因素。

Liana is important component of forest ecosystem,which usually affects restoration and succession of the communities.Relationship between liana and host tree has significant implications for forest conservation and sustainable management.Field data collection was based on 0.81hm2 plot（including 9 subplots） in different restoration stages（community of 15 years restoration（15 year）,community of 30 years restoration（30 year）） and primary monsoonal broad-leaved evergreen forest distribute in Caiyanghe nature reserve,Yixiang Township and Xinfang reservoir,Pu′er city,Yunnan,China.On the basis of analyzing liana species richness,density,abundance,size structure,diversity indices and the climbing mechanism in the different restoration period,the relationship between liana and host tree was discussed.The results shown that： 1292 climbing lianas（DBH≥0.1cm）,belonging to 64 species in 51 genera and 34 families were recorded in all plots.The liana richness,density（DBH0.1cm）,basal area at breast height and mean basal area at breast height in primary forest were significantly higher than restoration stages.There was no significant difference of density（DBH≥1cm）,average DBH and average length between primary forest and 15 year,though both were significantly higher than that of 30 year.Species composition and DBH class distribution of lianas varied significantly in the three community types.Mucuna macrocarpa,Celastrus monospermus and Gnetum montanum are most abundant species.These species were found in all restoration stages and primary forest.Mucuna macrocarpa is an early successional species which needs intensive light environment and Gnetum montanum is a late successional species.Species-area curve showed that primary forest had higher species richness than 15 year and 30 year,which confirmed that primary forest played an important role in biodiversity conservation of lianas.Liana abundance decreased significantly while its DBH class increased.DBH of more than 95% lianas was less than 5cm.The lianas of large diameter class（DBH≥10cm） were found only in primary forest and 30 year.One liana per host tree was most abundant in three community types.Host trees were more likely to be infested by lianas when their DBH was larger than 15cm in primary forest and liana-host tree relationship showed different trends in restoration stages.Large tree was more susceptible to be climbed by liana.There was a significant positive correlation（P0.001） between the liana DBH and host tree DBH.DBH of liana increased with the growth of DBH of host tree in primary and 15 year.Stem twining caused more mechanical damage in 4 climbing ways,and the damage for primary forest were significantly lower than that for restoration stages.Density of tendril climber showed that primary forest was undergoing a dynamic process.Species composition and abundance change of root climber and hook climber can be used as an indicator to reflect restoration level of monsoonal broad-leaved evergreen forest of post-disturbance.Primary forest had more Piper flaviflorum than 15 year and 30 year and Fissistigma acuminatissimum did not appeare in the restoration stages.Deforestation is main factor that affects liana species composition and distribution and reduces lianas abundance and richness significantly.Restoration time has an important effect on regeneration of lianas.