略论朱熹“敬论”

A Brief Discussion on Zhu Xi's Respect Theory

朱熹"敬论"既继承了程颐主敬说,而又有全面的理论整合及发挥,是其整个理学思想的重要一环。朱熹由其"心是做功夫处"的心论立场出发,极力反对在心的操舍存亡的功夫论问题上预设"另有心之本体"的前提,与此相应,其主敬功夫也就不是道德本心的直接发动,而是对心的知觉意识等各种功能的控制调整,其云"敬只是此心自做主宰处"、"以敬为主而心自存"、"将个敬字收敛个身心"、都是在这个意义上说的。然朱熹主敬自有一套理路,其核心关怀在于如何解决现实人心的障蔽问题,未尝不是儒学功夫论的一种理论形态。

Zhu Xi＇s respect theory as an important part of the whole philosophical thought is not only the suc- cession, but also the comprehensive integration and exertion of Cheng Yi＇s respect theory. From the standpoint of his mind-nature theory of＂the mind is work place＂,Zhu Xi was strongly against the premise of ＂mind has another nominal＂ about the work of mind-to do or not to do, to be or not to be. Correspondingly, his respect work was not cause by moral soul directly, but controlled and adjusted of mind＇s consciousness and so on. According to a series of Zhu Xi＇s theories, he set force ＂The mind is ruled by respect＂ , ＂Surely mind accumulates by itself if respect-ori- ented＂ and＂respect can make convergence of physiology and psychology＂. However, the theory of Zhu Xi＇s respect, which mainly concerns with how to solve the problem blocking the mind of men, is just a theoretic formulation of Confucianism work.