对牟宗三诠释朱熹以《大学》为规模的方法论反省

The Methodological Reflection to the Interpretation of Zhu-Xi's Study of the Great Learning by Mou Zong San

针对牟先生《心体与性体》(第三册)论朱熹的《大学》诠释部份做讨论,牟先生在此章中有几个特别的意见应为提出并讨论之,包括:以"顺取"说《大学》之工夫,以"明德"为德行而非德性,以"穷理"之所穷为存有论意旨,以"格物致知"为泛认知主义,以《大学》为与《论、孟、庸、易》不同的经典,以"他律道德"说格物致知工夫,以"诚意"与"格致"不是同一种工夫等等,而牟先生讨论这几项议题的哲学立场则是与全书其他章节的立场完全一致的。这些意见都是笔者以为不恰当的朱学诠释意见,牟先生并以之而设定一"横摄静涵"的型态以说朱熹为孔孟之别子,但笔者反对朱熹有牟先生所说的这一种型态之理论。

Aiming to critic Zhu Xi＇s philosophy seems to be the main purpose why Mou Zong San conducts his great book ＂Xin Ti and Xing Ti＂ in order to interpret the philosophy of all the Song Ming Neo-Confucians. By doing so, he spontaneous creates his own philosophical system. Based on his own opin- ions, he does not only critic Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi philosophy but also including most of the other Neo-Con- fucians. Thus, it causes a big obstacle to all the modern studiers for their understanding of Neo--Confu- cianism. In order to re-correct the bad situation, the author wants to discuss ＂Xin Ti and Xing Ti＂ chapter by chapter and proposes all the different opinions on them. This article is one of the serious writings of the above project, which focusing on arguing with Mou Zong San＇s critics on Zhu Xi＇s Great Learning interpre- tation. In his doings, Mou Zong San raises one particular theoretical style named Heng She Jing Han and owns which to be Zhu Xi＇s philosophy. Mou Zong San separates Zhu Xi＇s philosophy from that in Confucius and Mencius. In this article, this position will be rejected by the author through the methodology examination.