不同水平排球运动员对视野中央和外周信息加工的眼动规律

Eye Tracking Principle on Processing the Central and Peripheral Sport Information by Volleyball Players at All Levels

采用眼动技术对专家运动员、一般运动员和新手在中央和外周运动情境信息加工的眼动规律进行了研究,同时探讨了不同类型运动信息加工的眼动规律。通过实验探究,得出了如下结论:(1)专家对图片信息的加工能力较强,次注视点持续时间短,注视次数多,平均注视时间短,与新手组差异显著,专家组和一般组的眼跳距离差异显著。不同材料对被试的次注视点持续时间、注视次数、注视持续时间和眼跳距离有显著影响;(2)对于从专家到新手的不同水平运动员,同样任务的认知难度增加,被试的眼动指标也有明显的改变,具体表现为初始加工时间延长,平均注视时间延长,注视频率降低,瞳孔直径减小,眼跳距离减小,对球体的关注也明显减少;(3)运动员对中央信息的注视次数少于外周信息,专家的注视次数多于新手,专家对中央信息眼跳角度小于外周信息,且专家的眼跳范围显著大于新手,其余中央和外周信息指标的差异不显著。说明专家采用对中央信息集中注视和搜索的策略,而对外周信息采用快速和大范围扫视的策略。

The research, with avail of tracking technology fro eye movement, is mean to reveal and establish eye tracking principle in the wake of analysis of the statistics drawn from professional volley ball players, amateurs as well beginners. The results show group of professionals manifests stronger ability process information than other two groups. Meanwhile, they spent less time in sub - gazing with more times taken in gazing, which lead to a relatively longer time in state of gazing. The difference in this respect with group of beginners is significant. Moreover, professional enjoy a significant difference with amateur in term of span of eye - moving. It is notable that unlike materials exert significant influence upon the experimented in all parameters. There is a remarkable change in parameters for the experimented, in order of from the professions down to the beginners, while the degree of cognition increases progressively. Precisely, there is more fixation duration, less gazing frequency, big saecade and pupil size. Professionals more often than not employ center concentrated fixation strategy in processing central information, and make use of rapid - wide searching strategy in peripheral information.