自闭症谱系障碍的症状、诊断与干预

The Symptom,Diagnosis and Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder

自闭症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorders,ASD)是一种广泛发展障碍,以社会交往障碍、言语和非言语交流缺陷、兴趣狭窄和行为刻板等为主要临床特征。对ASD的准确诊断是早期干预的关键,也对患者的康复及其家庭幸福产生积极作用。日渐增长的发病率促进了对早期识别、诊断评估、以事实为基础干预的重视。在探索药物治疗ASD的基础上,中国传统医学方法,尤其是"靳三针"治疗ASD获得越来越多的实证支持。可以根据Simpson等人(2005)提出的指标体系对各种干预和治疗方法的疗效进行评价。今后研究将从认知神经科学的视角,尤其是将眼动技术与ERP、fMRI相结合,探索ASD的核心症状表征以及各亚类的特异性。

Autism spectrum disorders（ASD） are referred to as pervasive developmental disorders（PDD） ,characterized by pervasive deficits in socialization and communication,as well as unusual restricted,repetitive behaviors. Accurate diagnosis of ASD is critical to early intervention and helps to improve the rehabilitation for children and the wellbeing for their families. Increasing prevalence highlights the need to increase the focus on early identification,diagnosis,and evidence-based interventions. An emerging body of evidence supports the efficacy of the Chinese traditional medicine especially ＂JIN＇s 3 needling＂ therapy. Based on work undertaken by Simpson et al.（2005） ,the efficacy of the intervention and treatment would be evaluated. The identification of core features and the specific for subtypes from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience,such as using eye-tracking in conjunction with ERP or fMRI,constitute another critical area of future research.