海伦市资源演化格局与土地利用变化及其生态效应分析

Resource evolution pattern, land use change and related ecological effect in Hailun City

以黑龙江省海伦市为例,运用1980年、1995年和2000年的土地利用数据与实地调查相结合,对20年间海伦市土地利用演化过程进行了分析;利用生态服务价值理论与方法,分析了海伦市土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响程度。结果表明：1980~2000年间,海伦市的耕地、城镇用地、交通用地呈增加趋势,而林地、草地及湿地则呈减少趋势。区域生态效应（生态服务价值）随土地利用类型的变化而变化,耕地对生态效应的贡献率最高,为43.67%（2000年）;其次是湿地和林地,分别为26.32%和14.96%（2000年）;居民点及工矿用地对生态效应的贡献率为负值。1980~2000年间海伦市土地利用的生态服务功能在食物生产功能方面明显增强,而在气体调节、气候调节、废物处理、土壤形成、侵蚀控制、原材料利用和娱乐文化等方面有所下降,说明城市的快速发展和粮食生产能力的提高,在一定程度上导致了区域整体生态效应的下降。

Using Hailun City as a case study site, land use data were collected for 1980, 1995 and 2000, evolution process of land use was analyzed via GIS and field investigations. Theory and method of ecosystem service value was used to evaluate the ecological impact of land use change in the region. The results showed that while farm, urban and traffic land areas increased, those of forest, grassland and wetland decreased. Based on ecosystem service value, ecological effects varied with land use type. Contribution rates to the ecological effects were highest for farmland （43.67% in 2000）, followed by wetland （26.32% in 2000） and then forestland （14.69% in 2000）. Residential and industrial land had negative contribution rates. Whereas the ecological service functions of gas and climate regulation, waste disposal, soil formation, erosion control, raw material production, recreation and culture declined, those of food production increased from 1980 through 2000. This indicated rapid development of city and grain productivity in the region, on some extent, resulting in the decrease of ecological effect.