小额信贷“郁南模式”的制度性解析--农村金融改革发展新探索

An Institutional Analysis on the Yunan Pattern of Micro-finance

郁南模式引起社会广泛关注,其创新在于政府主导的信用村评定、首创县级征信中心、扶贫担保基金贷款等。其绩效是既扩大了农村金融普惠面,又促进了县域经济与农村金融双向可持续发展。理性剖析郁南模式,具有激励约束功能的供给导向制度安排、政府主导优化的金融生态、相容的激励约束机制是关键。针对发展制约,提出了深化改革路径:以需求制度衔接供给制度,用契约信用链接农村民间信用,以财政杠杆撬动农险与信用担保,并审慎增加农村金融机构。

Yunan pattern has already raised an extensive attention in the whole society. Its main innovations are the government-leading credit village assesses, the first county credit information center, poverty alleviation loan guarantee fund and so on. All these innovations have expanded the coverage of generalized preference. On the other hand, they also promote the double-sided and sustainable development of the county’s economic and rural finance. By analyzing the Yunan pattern rationally, we find the supply-oriented institutional arrangement which has the incentive and constraint functions, the government-oriented optimization financial ecosystem and the compatible incentive and restraint mechanism are the three keys to be successful. To relieve the constrains of development, the paper proposes some paths to deepen the reform. They are the linkage between the demand-oriented and supply-oriented institution, the linkage between the contract credit and private credit in the rural areas, making the financial leverage guarantee, the agricultural insurance and credit, but we must be cautious about the increasing of the rural financial institutions.