高等植物小孢子胚发生的启动

The Initiation of Microspore Embryogenesis in Higher Plants

高等植物小孢子在受到胁迫时能改变正常的花粉发育途径而启动胚发生途径。小孢子胚发生的启动主要包括胚发生的诱导、对胁迫的细胞应答和抑制花粉发育程序。目前,国内外对于小孢子胚发生研究大多限于形态学观察,对小孢子由正常花粉发育途径转向胚发生途径过程中所涉及的相关分子机制缺乏系统报道,而上述研究是精确、高效诱导小孢子胚发生的关键。结合目前最新研究,对小孢子胚发生的早期事件,尤其是小孢子启动胚发生的生理生化和分子机制作一简要论述,以期为相关研究提供参考。

Microspores can switch their normal pollen development pathway to microspores embryogenesis upon abiotic stress.The initiation of microspores embryogenesis includes stress induction,cellular response to stress and repression of normal pollen development programme.For a long period,mainly studies on microspores embryogenesis are limited in morphologic observation.As lack of information in physiological-biochemical and genetic mechanism underlying the process of microspores embryogenesis especially the initiation of microspores embryogenesis,this technique has not been applied in some agronomically important crops.Recently,with rapid development of genomic,transcriptomics and metabolomics,some microspore embryogenesis related genes,proteins and metabolism products was identified or isolated,which could give us an overview about this.This review mainly elucidated the early events of microspores embryogenesis,and puts emphasis on the physiological-biochemical and molecular basis underlying the initiation of microspores embryogenesis.