叙事的意图说与意图叙事的类型——西方叙事理论中国化的新思考

Narrative's Intention and Intention Narrative's Type——The New Reflection on Localization of Western Narrative Theory in China

如何使西方叙事学适合于中国文学研究,是中国文学界在理论上不断探索的问题。新的"意图叙事学理论"是对西方"行为叙事理论"的借鉴和修正,它基于叙述学是关于叙述人行为的学说,由于人的行为必有其动机上、意欲上的原因,并从中得到解释,故而叙事学也理应从人的行为动机和意欲入手加以研究的认知。将西方行为叙事所排斥的人物及其心理意图引入叙事学,凸显从人物行为意图的视角研究人的行为叙述及其叙述结构的方法。在此理论方法的观照下,以中国古代小说主人公的行为意图为划分小说类型的标准,从寻找小说主人公、确定主人公主体属性、分析主人公行为意图元类型、主人公意图元内人物关系组合类型等方法、途径,最终划分出中国小说的若干叙事类型,这是对中国小说"意图叙事"分类方法的一次探索。

How to make the western narration suits in Chinese literature research,which is the problem of Chinese literary research bounded in theory continuously explore.This paper puts forward a new ＂intention narrative theories＂.This theory is the reference and correction of western ＂behavior narrative theory＂,It is based on the narrative which is about human behavior,due to human actions must have its reasons on motive and desire,and get explanation on motive and desire.Therefore narrative also should study from man＇s motives and desires.Characters and psychological intention rejected by the Western behavioral narrative,but we introduce it into narrative.We highlight the perspective of the character＇s behavior intention to study the human behavior narrative and its method of narrative structure.Under such intention narrative theory and method,This paper takes the protagonist＇s behavior intention of Chinese ancient novels as the standard to differentiate novel types,from finding novel protagonist,determining the protagonist ＇s main attribute,analyzing the protagonist＇s behavior intention primitive type,the primitive type of character relationship combination in protagonist＇s intention,and so on.Finally,we divided out some Chinese novel narrative types.This is an exploration on Chinese novel ＂narrative intention＂ classification method.