微肥配施对附子产量和质量的调控效应

Effects of micronutrient fertilizer application on yield and quality of Aconitum carmichaeli

目的:探讨不同微肥配施对附子产量和质量的调控效应。方法:采用均匀试验设计,通过测定附子的产量、总生物碱及酯型生物碱的含量等,考察微肥配施对附子产量及质量的影响。结果:适宜配比的铁、锌、硼、锰肥能显著促进附子营养器官的生长,增加附子生物量、总生物碱含量和产量。高浓度配比的铁、锌肥,提高了一级子根所占比例,但抑制了其他营养器官的生长,单株子根数少,不利于产量的形成;高浓度的锰不利于附子地下部分的生长,子根数少,三级子根数较多,产量低;而低浓度硼处理的附子产量比高浓度硼处理高了10.5%,且高浓度的硼不利于附子总生物碱含量的增加。本试验中,处理4的微肥配施为最优组合,附子子根体积大且较均匀,各营养器官长势好,干物质积累多,且能有效地运输到地下部分,产量达10 754.7 kg.hm-2,增产14.9%,总生物碱含量比对照提高了13.9%。结论:处理4为最佳的微肥配施,可作为附子优质高产的微肥配方。

Objective： To study the effects of Fe,Zn,B and Mn fertilizer with different ratio on the yield and quality of Aconitum carmichaeli.Method： Field experiment with the uniform design was applied,the yield and the contents of the total alkaloids and diester-alkaloids were measured.Result： Fe,Zn,B and Mn fertilizer of appropriate ratio could promote the growth of vegetative organs,increase the biomass,the content of alkaloids and the yield of Aconite significantly.Fe,Zn fertilizer of highly concentrated ratio increased the proportion of first sub-roots,but inhibited the growth of other vegetative organs,the number of roots was less than that with other treatments,so it was not conducive to the formation of production.High concentration of Mn was not conducive to the growth of underground of Aconite,its number of sub-roots was fewer,but the number of third sub-roots was more than that with other treatments,the yield was low.The yield treated with low concentration of B was 10% higher than that with high concentration,and the high concentration of B was not conducive to increase the content of the alkaloids.Among these treatments,The fourth treatment was the optimal combination,of which the volume of sub-roots was the largest and the most homogeneous,the growth of the vegetative organs was better and the accumulation of dry matters was more,the yield of this treatment was 10 754.7 kg·hm^-2,which was increased by 14.9%,and the content of alkaloid was increased by 13.9%.Conclusion： The ratio of 4 is the best treatment for high yield and quality cultivation of Aconite.