再议实行行为的“着手”——以未遂犯处罚根据为视角的展开

Study on Commerce of Perpetrating Act of Crime——From the Perspective of the Basis of Punishment for Attempted Crime

实行行为的着手是未遂犯处罚根据论之下的具体展开,对此,学界历来存在客观未遂论、主观未遂论与折中未遂论的对立;客观未遂论虽然在目前学界占据通说的地位,但其存在若干理论上的缺陷,不能合理解释我国刑法的立法规定;在判断着手的时间点时必须合并考察行为人的主观方面的犯罪计划,否则行为的法益侵害性就无法确定,因此,折中未遂论的提倡就成为逻辑上的必然结果。而具体个案中行为人主观上犯罪计划的差异也决定了同种类犯罪在着手时间点上的多样性。

The commerce of perpetrating act is discussed on the basis of punishment for attempted crime; there always exists three different opinions in academia, namely, objective attempted crime, subjective attempted crime and compromise attempted crime theory. The objective one has a lot of defects in theory and can＇t reasonably explain Chinese criminal legislation, although it is the mainstream opinion. We need to inspect the subjective aspects of crime when judging the time of beginning of perpetrating act of crime, so introducing the compromise theory becomes the unavoidable logical result. The subjective differences on the criminal plans in specific ease lead to the diversity of the time of beginning of crime of the same kind.