隐喻思维与《诗经》禽鸟意象的解读

Metaphoric Thought and Exegesis of Bird Images in Book of Songs

历来对《诗经》中众多鸟类形象的解读主要有文本分析和文化阐释两条路径。从文本分析的角度看,《诗经》中"禽鸟意象"有三种基本呈现方式:并置、类比和描写。从文化阐释的角度则可以从神话、图腾崇拜、占卜、审美等层面对禽鸟意象进行考察。但在文化阐释和文本分析之间存在断层现象。以人类隐喻思维作为桥梁,会通文本分析和文化阐释这两个基本层面,可以达到对《诗经》禽鸟意象更为合理的解释:大量禽鸟意象的呈现是先民隐喻思维的产物。这也为进一步研究提供了一条可能的线索。

The images of birds in Book of Songs attract a good deal of researchers＇ interest, who tried to interpret them in terms of literary analysis and cultural study. The term ＂bird image＂ is applied to the birds described in Book of Songs in the sense that they are observed not only as a species, but also as an imagination, an abstract concept or an ornament. The bird images are embodied in the text in three forms, i.e. juxtaposition, analogy, and de- scription. The exploration of bird images, from the perspectives of mythology, totem wor- ship, divination, and aesthetics, indicates that there is a gap between literary analysis and cultural study, namely, many bird images cannot be elucidated by cultural study explicitly. Metaphoric thought can serve as a bridge which may link literary and cultural study. Bearing the metaphoric thought, the ancient people of the time of Book of Songs naturally observed and presented the bird images in the poems. In this sense, the study of metaphoric thought may help to rediscover the original being of the bird images in the ancient people＇s mind.