试议弗莱原型批评的缺失之处

On the Shortcomings of Northrop Frye's Archetypal Criticism

诺思洛普·弗莱(Northrop Frye)的原型批评理论在20世纪50、60年代曾与西方马克思主义和精神分析学说形成三足鼎立之势,嗣后它的影响力逐渐减弱,内在原因是其理论体系本身及其批评活动存在一些瑕疵。弗莱理论事业的起点和圆心皆为圣经文学研究,他的批评理论尤其圣经文学研究实践表现出某些缺失之处,如过分追求从文学内部研究文学而导致批评系统的自我封闭,奉行历史循环论,所论原型的嬗变缺乏必要的动力支持,将原型批评与基督教类型学混为一谈,在隐喻思维的遮蔽下进行某种任意诠释等。

Northrop Frye＇s archetypal criticism was one of the top three influential theories just like Marxism and Psycho-analysis in 1950 - 1960s but subsequently waning of its influence later because of the flaws of the theoretical system and its critical activity. The Biblical Literature was Frye＇s theoretical starting point and the center but also showed particularly some lack of practice of his critical theory, such as to pursue excessively of internal research of literature led to the self- enclosed system of literary criticism; to pursue historicism caused the change of Archetypes lack of power support; to confuse archetypal criticism and Christianity, and to make some arbitrary interpretations in the metaphorical thinking.