非多溴联苯醚(PBDE)类卤系阻燃剂的生物富集特征

A REVIEW ON BIOACCUMULATION BEHAVIOR OF NON-PBDE HALOGENATED FLAME RETARDANTS

近年来,六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)、四溴双酚A(TBBPA)、双(六氯环戊二烯)环辛烷(DP)、十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)、1,2-双(三溴苯氧基)乙烷(BTBPE)、五溴甲苯(PBT)、2,3,4,5,6-五溴乙苯(PBEB)和六溴苯(HBB)等非PBDE类卤系阻燃剂(HFRs)在生物体内的富集及其生态风险已引起人们的广泛关注.本文结合国内外相关文献,对DP的生物富集特征及其影响因素、非PBDE类HFRs的生物富集能力及其沿食物链(网)的生物放大效应进行了综述.与DP工业品和沉积物中DP的异构体组成相比,生物体内顺式-DP(syn-DP)盈余,而反式-DP(anti-DP)亏损,DP异构体不同的理化性质(立体结构、水溶性和KOW等)、生物的种类及其营养级以及环境因素等都可能影响了DP的生物富集特征.文献计算的生物浓缩因子(BCFs)或生物富集因子(BAFs)表明,HBCDs和DP具有显著的生物富集效应.报道的生物放大因子(BMFs)和营养级放大因子(TMFs)显示,这些非PBDE类HFRs可以沿食物链(网)产生生物放大效应.大部分非PBDE类HFRs的食物链放大能力与PBDEs相当,表明这些污染物具有较大的生态风险.

In recent years,there is increasing concern on the bioaccumulation potentials and ecological risks of non-PBDE halogenated flame retardants（HFRs）,such as hexabromocyclododecanes（HBCDs）,tetrabromobiphenol A（TBBPA）,dechlorane plus（DP）,decabromodiphenyl ehane（DBDPE）,1,2-bis（2,4,6-tribromophenoxy）ethane（BTBPE）,pentabromotoluene（PBT）,pentabromoethylbenzene（PBEB） and hexabromobenzene（HBB）.This review summarized the recent data on the isomeric bioaccumulation characteristics and the influence factors of DP,the bioaccumulation potentials,and the food web biomagnification powers of non-PBDE HFRs.A depletion of anti-DP was observed in organisms compared with commercial products and sediments.The difference in physical and chemical properties between the two isomers,the biochemical parameters of organisms,and environment conditions in certain ecosystems may influence the isomeric bioaccumulation of DP.The calculated bioaccumulation factors（BAFs） or bioconcentration factors（BCFs） suggested that most of the non-PBDE HFRs were bioaccumulative.The reported biomagnification factors（BMFs） and trophic magnification factors（TMFs） indicated that some of the non-PBDE HFRs were biomagnified in the food web,suggesting their high ecological risks.