持久性有机污染物的水污染控制:吸附富集、生物降解与过程分析

POLLUTION CONTROL OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER SYSTEM:ADSORPTION/ENRICHMENT,BIODEGRADATION AND PROCESS ANALYSIS

介绍了持久性有机污染物(POPs)的定义、来源以及我国涉及POPs的工业生产与数量分布,明确氯碱工业、有机氯工业等精细化工业与垃圾焚烧厂产生的POPs成为未来的主要污染源;对统计数据进行分析指出,由于历史上POPs的应用以及排放,我国工业发达地区河段水体中普遍检出POPs,浓度为几到几十ng.L-1范围,部分流域超标;针对水体中低剂量的POPs,吸附法是有效的分离技术,生物相及仿生吸附剂具有较高的富集倍数;POPs的生物降解在热力学方面被认为可行,高效菌不断地被分离得到,因此,吸附富集与功能微生物细胞固定化技术的耦联可以成为有效的控制技术;此外,还从以清洁生产为目标的源头控制、POPs的广泛监控和政策落实方面评价了POPs的控制过程.最后指出,POPs的水污染控制应当立足于科学、技术与工业过程研究的结合.

Definition, sources and production of POPs in China were introduced in this paper. POPs from chloroalkali industry, organochlorine industry and garbage incinerator are believed to be the main pollutant sources in the future. Due to the POPs application and discharge, POPs were detected widely in the rivers flowing through the industrialized areas in China, and their concentrations are at ng. L-1 level. Adsorption technology especially biota and bionic adsorbents with high enrichment factors can be used to separate trace POPs in water effectively. The biodegradation of POPs is feasible thermodynamically, and more efficient micro-organisms were isolated constantly. Thus, the coupling of adsorption enrichment and functional micro-organism immobilization can be an effective method to control POPs. Furthermore, the monitoring, source control and policy implementation were discussed to estimate the control of POPs. The treatment of POPs should combine the science, technology and industrial process.