中国高水碘地区人群膳食碘摄入量评估

Assessment on iodine intake of people from iodine rich regions in China

目的评估中国高水碘地区人群膳食碘摄入量及其潜在风险。方法利用2002年中国营养与健康状况调查数据库中的食物、食盐消费量数据和饮用水推荐摄入量,以及中国食物成分表及盐碘和水碘监测数据,估计我国高碘地区13个性别～年龄组人群在食用加碘食盐和不加碘食盐情形下的膳食碘摄入量,并与我国推荐的膳食碘摄入量标准进行比较。结果水碘介于150～300μg/L地区,无论食用加碘食盐或不加碘食盐,各组人群的膳食碘平均摄入量均介于推荐摄入量(RNI)和可耐受最高摄入量(UL)之间;水碘高于300μg/L地区,7岁以上男性和11岁以上女性(含孕妇和乳母)食用加碘食盐时的碘平均摄入量均超过UL,而所有人群食用不加碘食盐时的碘摄入量均介于RNI～UL之间。两类地区所有个体碘摄入量均超过RNI;但食用加碘食盐时,摄入量超过UL的个体比例为10.5%和24.9%,远高于食用不加碘食盐的1.5%和1.7%。在两类地区饮用水对膳食碘的贡献率均高于食盐。结论在食用不加碘食盐的情况下,我国高水碘地区居民的膳食碘摄入量是适宜和安全的,食用加碘食盐会增加碘过量的风险;饮用水是高碘地区膳食碘的最主要来源。

Objective To assess the iodine intake of people from iodine rich regions in China and the potential risk of excess iodine intake in these areas.Methods Data from the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002,the recommended water intake;the Chinese Food Composition and the data from iodine surveillance in China were used.The iodine intake of 13 age-sex population groups were estimated by combining the data of food,drinking water and salt consumption with their corresponding iodine content.Results The average iodine intake of all population groups from regions with water iodine concentration from 150 to 300 μg /L（A region）,no matter iodized salt was consumed or not,was higher than the Recommended Nutrient Intakes（RNIs） but lower than the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels（ULs）.The average iodine intake of people from regions with water iodine concentration ≥300 μg /L（B region） was higher than the ULs if iodized salt was consumed,and was in the range between RNI and UL if non-iodine salt was consumed.The iodine intake of individuals from both A and B regions was higher than RNI.The iodine intake exceeding UL was in 10.5% and 24.9% of individuals in A and B regions respectively if iodized salts was consumed;while that was 1.5% and 1.7% if non-iodine salt was consumed.The contribution of iodine from drinking water is higher than that from salt for both regions.Conclusion Iodine intake of people from iodine rich regions are generally adequate and safe in China if non-iodized salt was consumed.The risk of iodine overdosed will be increased if iodized salt was consumed in iodine rich regions.Iodine from drinking water was the main sources of dietary iodine in iodine rich regions.