四川省番茄养分管理技术现状与评价

Current Status and Evaluation of Nutrient Management for Tomato in Sichuan Province

在农户抽样调查数据的基础上,分析了2008年四川省番茄养分管理现状。调查结果表明,四川省番茄养分管理存在许多不合理之处,氮素施用普遍偏高,全省平均用量269.1kghm-2,有67.3%的农户氮素施用过量,仅有25.5%的农户施氮合理。磷素、钾素投入量严重不足,全省磷、钾养分平均投入量分别为164.5kghm-2和123.3kghm-2,49.1%的农户磷素施用偏低,65.5%的农户钾素施用不足。肥料品种结构、施肥方法及施肥量确定依据不合理。52.4%～80.0%的农户采用肥料穴施,8.5%～74.4%的农户仍按照习惯确定施肥量。四川省今后提高养分效率、减少化肥污染需要重点解决这些问题。

Current status of nutrient management for tomato in 2008 was analyzed by using data from farmer household investigation in Sichuan Province.The investigation results showed that there were some problems of nutrient management for tomato.The input of nitrogen nutrient was superfluous.Average amount of nitrogen fertilizer in Sichuan province was 269.1 kg hm-2.It was found that 67.3% of farmers used too much nitrogen fertilizer for tomato.But only 25.5% of farmers reasonable used nitrogen fertilizer.The input of phosphorus and potassium were insufficient badly in tomato field.Average amount of phosphorus and potassium nutrient were 164.5 kg hm-2 and 123.3 kg hm-2,respectively.The rate of supplying insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for tomato field were 49.1% and 65.5%,respectively.Fertilizer type structures,method of fertilizer application and foundation of fertilizer amount were illogical.52.4%-80.0% of farmers adopted to hole application.And 38.5%-74.4% of farmers used fertilizer with conventional experience.In the future,increasing nutrient efficiency and decreasing pollution of fertilizers will primarily resolve those problems.