市场权力协调下的美国大学教师聘任制度改革及启示

The Appointment System Reform of American University Faculty under the Power of Market Coordination

20世纪90年代以来,美国大学由于受到市场权力因素影响,实施百年的终身教职制度受到了更多的质疑,并面临改革。美国大学以市场权力因素影响下的院校协调力量来解决问题:继续实施终身教职,实施终身聘后评审制度,增加兼职与非终身轨教师的比例,或从原来的合同制改为终身教职制度。美国大学在进行教师聘任制度改革时每个大学总是把自身的发展与需要放在最为重要的地位,将聘任制度改革与教师职业发展、大学知识的创新宗旨结合起来,充分发挥了市场权力中院校协调的力量,避免了同质化。

The power of market coordination has been affecting American university faculty tenure system with one hundred years history,which has been questioned and had to reform. American universities use the power of market coordination to solve the problem. Some universities keep on the tenure system,or carry out post-tenured review,and some institutions hire more faculty members who are not on the traditional tenure track. Some institutions changed from the contract system to the tenure system. In this university faculty appointment system reform, every university＇s need and development are the major motivation,which always combine the faculty professional and academic innovation as to exert the power of market coordination and avoid homogeneity.